SQ3R: Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review
Background
SQ3R
is a comprehension strategy that helps students think about the text they are
reading while they're reading. Often categorized as a study strategy, SQ3R
helps students "get it" the first time they read a text by teaching
students how to read and think like an effective reader.
This
strategy includes the following five steps (Robinson, 1946):
- Survey:
Students review the text to gain initial meaning from the headings, bolded
text, and charts.
- Question:
Students begin to generate questions about their reading from previewing
it.
- Read:
As students read, they need to look for answers to the questions they
formulated during their preview of the text. These questions, based on the
structure of the text, help focus students' reading.
- Recite:
As students move through the text they should recite or rehearse the
answers to their questions and make notes about their answer for later
studying.
- Review:
After reading, students should review the text to answer lingering
questions and recite the questions they previously answered.
Benefits
Do
you have students who get to the end of reading their textbook selection and
have no idea what they've read? These students can benefit from using the SQ3R
because it requires them to activate their thinking and review their understanding
throughout their reading.
It
also dissuades students from waiting and then cramming for tests since the five
steps requires them to review information and create notes during their initial
reading. Their notes from the initial reading become their study guides.
Create and use the strategy
As
with its sister strategy Question-Answer Relationship (QAR), SQ3R requires the
teacher to model.
1. Explain to students that effective
readers do many things while reading, including surveying, questioning,
reading, reciting and reviewing.
2.
Choose a content area passage to read
and model the five SQ3R steps.
3.
During each step, make sure to explain
what you're doing and why you're doing it.
4. After your modeling session, invite
students to independently read a selection and practice applying the SQ3R
steps. This could be completed as an in-class or take-home assignment.
5.
Afterwards ask students to review their
notes and reflect on the process. Were they surprised by how much they remember
by using the SQ3R method?
6.
Students may not be "sold" on
this strategy the first time they try it. Not all readings will be worth the
time it takes to complete the SQ3R steps, so help students to understand not
just how to apply it, but when to apply it.
SQ3R Technique
Survey
Read to get the general idea of
the chapter. Read titles, subtitles, pictures and captions, introductions, maps
and charts and summaries. This tells you what the chapter is about. Now you
have an idea of where you are going and what to expect.
Question
- Make the subtitles into questions.
- This gives you a real reason for reading.
- The questions will help you concentrate
on the subject you are reading.
- Work on one subtitle at a time
Read
- Read to find the answers to the
questions.
- The answers you find will be the
important facts and details.
- Don't do anything except read.
Recite
- Go back and ask the questions again. Can
you answer them? If not, skim to find the answers again.
- Underline - Remember! Underline the
outline!
- Do any other work with the chapter which
has been assigned.
Review
- Usually class discussion will serve as
first review. If you have underlined well, you can review the chapter
anytime intelligently.
- Review periodically, once every week.
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